Editing Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 5

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After Napoleon the First and France's First Empire were defeated in 1814 by European forces in The War of the Sixth Coalition, the influential French politician and diplomat, Talleyrand, convinced the European victors that a king would be good for France.  Hence, the restoration of the Bourban crown.<ref name="BRB"> Boundless. "Louis XVIII and the Bourbon Restoration." ''Boundless World History'' Boundless.  Publication date not stated. Retrieved 3 Aug. 2017 from https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/post-napoleonic-europe-1197/france-after-1815-1203/louis-xviii-and-the-bourbon-restoration-1204-17771/ </ref>  Most civil rights gained during the Revolution were retained during the Restoration. <ref name="BRB" />
 
After Napoleon the First and France's First Empire were defeated in 1814 by European forces in The War of the Sixth Coalition, the influential French politician and diplomat, Talleyrand, convinced the European victors that a king would be good for France.  Hence, the restoration of the Bourban crown.<ref name="BRB"> Boundless. "Louis XVIII and the Bourbon Restoration." ''Boundless World History'' Boundless.  Publication date not stated. Retrieved 3 Aug. 2017 from https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/post-napoleonic-europe-1197/france-after-1815-1203/louis-xviii-and-the-bourbon-restoration-1204-17771/ </ref>  Most civil rights gained during the Revolution were retained during the Restoration. <ref name="BRB" />
 
===la Carmagnole... la Marseillaise===
 
 
''La Carmagnole'' was a song and dance celebrating the fight against the monarchy in 1792.  ''La Marseillaise'', written in April 1792, was originally titled ''Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin''.  It was written by a French army engineer, Rouget de l'Isle, whom was asked to write a marching song to inspire volunteers for France's war against Austria and Prussia. 
 
 
::"He did it the same night, and hurriedly noted down at the same time the melody, which has ever since been its musical interpretation.  This was rehearsed by a number of soldiers, played by a military band ; and the words and music produced an astonishing effect when on the following afternoon the inhabitants were publicly invited to enrol themselves.  The number required from Strasburg was six hundred men ; but nine hundred presented themselves on the spot." <ref name="TQRlaM">  "French Patriotic Songs" or "Art. VII.-1. ''Chansons Nationales et Populaires de France''. Dumersan et Noel Ségur. Paris, 1866.  2. ''Le Chansonnier Patriote''.  Paris, An l. de la République." in ''The Quarterly Review'', Vol. 130, No. 259 (January & April 1871), London: John Murray, Albamarle Street, pp. 204-24.  https://books.google.com/books?id=xUcMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false  </ref> 
 
 
Based on this report, Rouget de l'Isle's song was powerful, appealing.  A few months later, revolutionary volunteers marching into Paris from Marseille immortalized the song.<ref name="TQRlaM" /> <ref> "191. ROGET DE LISLE (Clause-Joseph)," in ''Outline of the French Revolution Told in Autographs''  (Selected from a Private Collection) copyright by Thacher, John Boyd, Albany, N.Y.: Weed-Parsons Printing Co., 1905, p. 27.  https://books.google.com/books?id=Rdw-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false </ref>  Furthermore, comparing the lyrics of ''La Carmagnole'' and ''La Marseillaise'' reflect Hugo's presentiment of internal conflict, such as deposing royalty, and external, such as "il délivrera le monde" - delivering the world from tyranny.  This universal message of ''La Marseillaise'' was a unique theme among European anthems, and ''La Marseillaise'' would indeed become the French national anthem. <ref>Richard, Bernard. "La Marseillaise: a song of war, a song of freedom," Chemins de Mémoire, Ministère des Armées.  No publication date provided.  Retrieved 4 Aug. 2017.  http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/en/la-marseillaise-song-war-song-freedom </ref>
 
  
 
==Citations==
 
==Citations==
 
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