Editing Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 8
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the truffled turkey of the poor." | the truffled turkey of the poor." | ||
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| + | ==Textual notes== | ||
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| + | ===Epicurus=== | ||
| + | Greek philosopher of the third century B.C.E. who advocated the pursuit of contentment in life. <ref name="Rose">Hugo, Victor. 'Les Miserables.Trans. Julie Rose. Intro. Adam Gopnik. New York: Modern Library Classics, 2009>.</ref> | ||
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| + | ===Pigault-Lebrun=== | ||
| + | Guillame-Charles-Antoine Pigault de l'Épiney (1753-1835), who published under the name Pigault-Lebrun, was known for his scandalously libertine and antireligious writings, largely forgotten today.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="the marquis d'Argent, Pyrrhon, Hobbes, and Monsieur Naigeon"=== | ||
| + | A comically ignorant hodgepodge of names. The Marquis d'Argen (1704-71) was best known for his wit, largely forgotten today; Pyrrhon (third century B.C.E.) was one of the first of the Greek Skeptic philosophers; the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), one of the most influential European philosophers, is best known for his ''Leviathan'' and for his assertion that life, in the state of nature, is nasty, brutish, and short; Monsieur Naigeon was a publisher and friend of Diderot.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Diderot"=== | ||
| + | Denis Diderot (1713-84), along with Voltaire and Rousseau one of the greatest figures of the French Englightenment. An archrationalist and atheist, Diderot was best known in his time as the co-editor (with d'Alembert) of the ''Encyclopédie'', the great compendium of Enlightenment rationalism; he was also an essayist, playwright, and novelist. The senator's opinions on Diderot reveal him to be a man of dangerously little knowledge.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="even more of a bigot than Voltaire"=== | ||
| + | bigot in the sense of the French word ''bigot'', meaning someone of narrow-minded and intolerant religious orthodoxy. If anyone could be less of a bigot than the deist Voltaire, it was the atheist Diderot.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Needham"=== | ||
| + | Jean Turberville Needham (1713-81) is best remembered today as a target for Voltaire's satire, directed at Needham's belief in spontaneous generation.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Tertullian"=== | ||
| + | A classical writer and early convert to Christianity (ca. 160-240).<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Moniteur"=== | ||
| + | The quasi-official journal of government proceedings from 1799-1901.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Panthéon"=== | ||
| + | During the Revolution, the Church of Saint Geneviéve was renamed the Panthéon and dedicated as the mausoleum of the heroes of the nation. The great Revolutionary orator Mirabeau was the first man interred there, followed by the disinterred remains of Voltaire. After being restored to its original purpose as a church by the Restoration government in 1815, the building was converted back into a mausoleum in 1884, just in time to receive the mortal remains of Victor Hugo.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Sardanapalus or Vincent de Paul"=== | ||
| + | Two antithetical figures. Sardanapalus was, according to legend, the last debauched king of Babylon; Saint Vincent de Paul (1576-1660) founded two religious orders, one of priests, one of nuns, dedicated to active service to the poor. Vincent was known for his personal humility and gently piety.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
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| + | ==="Cato... Stephen... Joan of Arc"=== | ||
| + | Three martyrs to principle. The Roman senator Cato the Younger (95-46 B.C.E.) fled Rome and later killed himself rather than submit willingly to Julius Caesar; Saint Stephen was martyred by stoning in first-century Jerusalem; Saint Joan of Arc, "the maid of Orléans," was a peasant girl from Lorraine who presented herself to the court of king Charles VIII and announced that God had sent her to drive the English out of France. After leading the French army to a near-total victory, Joan was abandoned to the English, who tried her as a heretic and burned her at the stake in 1431.<ref name="Rose"/> | ||
==Translation notes== | ==Translation notes== | ||
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==Citations== | ==Citations== | ||
| − | <references /> | + | |
| + | <references/> | ||
