Volume 1/Book 2/Chapter 9

Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Second: The Fall, Chapter 9: New Troubles
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre deuxième: La Chute, Chapitre 9: Nouveaux griefs)

French text

Quand vint l'heure de la sortie du bagne, quand Jean Valjean entendit à son oreille ce mot étrange: tu es libre! le moment fut invraisemblable et inouï, un rayon de vive lumière, un rayon de la vraie lumière des vivants pénétra subitement en lui. Mais ce rayon ne tarda point à pâlir. Jean Valjean avait été ébloui de l'idée de la liberté. Il avait cru à une vie nouvelle. Il vit bien vite ce que c'était qu'une liberté à laquelle on donne un passeport jaune.

Et autour de cela bien des amertumes. Il avait calculé que sa masse, pendant son séjour au bagne, aurait dû s'élever à cent soixante et onze francs. Il est juste d'ajouter qu'il avait oublié de faire entrer dans ses calculs le repos forcé des dimanches et fêtes qui, pour dix-neuf ans, entraînait une diminution de vingt-quatre francs environ. Quoi qu'il en fût, cette masse avait été réduite, par diverses retenues locales, à la somme de cent neuf francs quinze sous, qui lui avait été comptée à sa sortie.

Il n'y avait rien compris, et se croyait lésé. Disons le mot, volé.

Le lendemain de sa libération, à Grasse, il vit devant la porte d'une distillerie de fleurs d'oranger des hommes qui déchargeaient des ballots. Il offrit ses services. La besogne pressait, on les accepta. Il se mit à l'ouvrage. Il était intelligent, robuste et adroit; il faisait de son mieux; le maître paraissait content. Pendant qu'il travaillait, un gendarme passa, le remarqua, et lui demanda ses papiers. Il fallut montrer le passeport jaune. Cela fait, Jean Valjean reprit son travail. Un peu auparavant, il avait questionné l'un des ouvriers sur ce qu'ils gagnaient à cette besogne par jour; on lui avait répondu: trente sous. Le soir venu, comme il était forcé de repartir le lendemain matin, il se présenta devant le maître de la distillerie et le pria de le payer. Le maître ne proféra pas une parole, et lui remit vingt-cinq sous. Il réclama. On lui répondit: cela est assez bon pour toi. Il insista. Le maître le regarda entre les deux yeux et lui dit: Gare le bloc.

Là encore il se considéra comme volé.

La société, l'état, en lui diminuant sa masse, l'avait volé en grand. Maintenant, c'était le tour de l'individu qui le volait en petit.

Libération n'est pas délivrance. On sort du bagne, mais non de la condamnation. Voilà ce qui lui était arrivé à Grasse. On a vu de quelle façon il avait été accueilli à Digne.

English text

When the hour came for him to take his departure from the galleys, when Jean Valjean heard in his ear the strange words, Thou art free! the moment seemed improbable and unprecedented; a ray of vivid light, a ray of the true light of the living, suddenly penetrated within him. But it was not long before this ray paled. Jean Valjean had been dazzled by the idea of liberty. He had believed in a new life. He very speedily perceived what sort of liberty it is to which a yellow passport is provided.

And this was encompassed with much bitterness. He had calculated that his earnings, during his sojourn in the galleys, ought to amount to a hundred and seventy-one francs. It is but just to add that he had forgotten to include in his calculations the forced repose of Sundays and festival days during nineteen years, which entailed a diminution of about eighty francs. At all events, his hoard had been reduced by various local levies to the sum of one hundred and nine francs fifteen sous, which had been counted out to him on his departure. He had understood nothing of this, and had thought himself wronged. Let us say the word--robbed.

On the day following his liberation, he saw, at Grasse, in front of an orange-flower distillery, some men engaged in unloading bales. He offered his services. Business was pressing; they were accepted. He set to work. He was intelligent, robust, adroit; he did his best; the master seemed pleased. While he was at work, a gendarme passed, observed him, and demanded his papers. It was necessary to show him the yellow passport. That done, Jean Valjean resumed his labor. A little while before he had questioned one of the workmen as to the amount which they earned each day at this occupation; he had been told thirty sous. When evening arrived, as he was forced to set out again on the following day, he presented himself to the owner of the distillery and requested to be paid. The owner did not utter a word, but handed him fifteen sous. He objected. He was told, "That is enough for thee." He persisted. The master looked him straight between the eyes, and said to him "Beware of the prison."

There, again, he considered that he had been robbed.

Society, the State, by diminishing his hoard, had robbed him wholesale. Now it was the individual who was robbing him at retail.

Liberation is not deliverance. One gets free from the galleys, but not from the sentence.

That is what happened to him at Grasse. We have seen in what manner he was received at D----