| Latest revision |
Your text |
| Line 122: |
Line 122: |
| | ==Translation notes== | | ==Translation notes== |
| | | | |
| | + | ===Le gamin / The street urchin=== |
| | | | |
| − | ===Le gamin / The street urchin===
| + | A gamin is a street urchin, or a kid making a living on the streets; also, an child assistant to a tradesman, typically a glassmaker. <ref> "gamin (n.)" in ''Online Etymology Dictionary'' by Douglas Harper, 2017. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=gamin </ref> <ref>"Gamin, -ine" Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, 2012. http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/gamin </ref> |
| − | | |
| − | "Le gamin" should be translated as "the street urchin" or a similar term. Reference sources define "gamin" as a street urchin or a kid making a living on the streets; also, an child assistant to a tradesman, typically a glassmaker.<ref>"Gamin, -ine" Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, 2012. http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/gamin </ref> <ref>"gamin (n.)" in ''Online Etymology Dictionary'' by Douglas Harper, 2017. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=gamin </ref> In Isabel F. Hapgood's translation of ''Les Misérables'', published in 1887, "gamin" is translated "street Arab." "Le gamin" has neither etymologic nor lexiconic connection to the aforementioned racist English term, nor does the latter adhere to the spirit of Hugo's story.<ref>Hapgood, Isabel F., translator of ''Les Misérables'', by Victor Hugo. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1887. A Project Gutenberg Ebook. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/135/135-h/135-h.htm#link2HCH0148 </ref>
| |
| | | | |
| | ==Textual notes== | | ==Textual notes== |
| − |
| |
| − | ===les chantiers des Ursulines / timber-yards of the Ursulines===
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The Ursulines are an order of Catholic nuns. In Paris, on rue de faubourg Saint Jacques (a ''faubourg'' was similar to a suburb), the order stayed in Hôtel de Saint André beginning in 1607, but wealthy donors gave a piece of land nearby the Hôtel, called les Poteries, to expand the order to include a convent, girls' school, and chapel.<ref>''The History of Paris, from the Earliest Period to the Present Day; Containing a description of its antiquities, Vol. I''. Paris: A. & W. Galignani at the English, French, German, and Spanish Library, 1825, pp. 331-332. Original copy from Austrian National Library. https://books.google.com/books?id=YtBYAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false </ref> <ref> Knight, Kevin. "The Ursulines." ''New Advent: The Catholic Encyclopedia'', 2012 http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15228b.htm </ref> <ref> O'reilly, Bernard. ''St. Angela Merici, and the Ursulines''. London: Burns & Oates, 1880, pp. 370–79. Original copy from Oxford University. https://books.google.com/books?id=6kIBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false [The Google books bibliographic information mistakenly lists publisher as Pollard & Moss.] </ref> The order remained the first few years of the revolution, but they fled on 1 October 1792. The convent grounds were sold in 1798, probably as part of the government's consolidated thirds financial scheme or the resulting two-thirds bankruptcy, then the convent was destroyed (we can assume by the buyer).<ref> "Couvent des Ursulines du faubourg Saint-Jacques. Paris." ''BnF Bibliothéque nationale de France: data.bnf.fr''. 20 December 2016. http://data.bnf.fr/13754756/couvent_des_ursulines_du_faubourg_saint-jacques_paris/#author.other_forms </ref> <ref>For explanations and references for financial perspectives, land, and the revolution, see Vol. 3, Bk. 2, Ch. 5 annotations: http://chanvrerie.net/lmap/Volume_3/Book_2/Chapter_5 </ref> In 1807, the convent was commemorated with a road over its former site, named rue des Ursulines.<ref> "rue des Ursulines". ''Le rue de Paris''. Parisrues, 2017. http://www.parisrues.com/rues05/paris-05-rue-des-ursulines.html </ref> Hence, we can suppose that ''le gamin'' played in and around the construction sites on the land that once belonged to the Ursuline convent.<ref>"Chantier" Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, 2012. http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/chantier </ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Talleyrand===
| |
| − | Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord was a very skilled and Machiavellian diplomat during the revolutionary and post-revolutionary era. He was also very witty.
| |
| | | | |
| | ==Citations== | | ==Citations== |
| | <references /> | | <references /> |
